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Showing posts from June, 2023

What Is a SARIMAX Model?

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 What Is a SARIMAX Model? What Is a SARIMAX model?   Although we have dedicated a series of blog posts to time series models, we are yet to discuss one very important topic – seasonality. Each of the models we examined so far – be it  AR ,  MA ,  ARMA ,  ARIMA  or  ARIMAX  has a seasonal equivalent. As you can probably guess, the names for these counterparts will be SARMA, SARIMA, and SARIMAX respectively, with the “S” representing the seasonal aspect. Therefore, the full name of the model would be  Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous model . We can all agree that it’s a mouthful, so we’ll stick with the abbreviation. Additionally, the SARMA and SARIMA can be considered simpler cases of the SARIMAX, where we don’t use integration or exogenous variables, so we’ll mainly focus our attention to the SARIMAX in this tutorial. What Is Seasonality? In case you need a hint, seasonality occurs when certain patterns aren’t ...

Markov Chains With Examples in Python

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Markov Chains With Examples in Python Introduction To Markov Chains: Have you ever wondered how Google ranks web pages?  If you’ve done your research then you must know that it uses the PageRank Algorithm which is based on the idea of Markov chains.  Markov chains have proven to be an integral part of Google's innovative algorithms and search technology.  A Markov chain is a mathematical concept that models a sequence of events where the probability of transitioning from one state to another depends only on the current state, disregarding the history of events.  Google utilizes Markov chains in its PageRank algorithm , which determines the relevance and importance of web pages for search results.  In this context, web pages represent states, and the probability of transitioning from one page to another is calculated based on the number and quality of incoming links.  By employing Markov chains, Google can efficiently crawl and rank web pages, providing use...